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Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
The Principality of Galicia–Volhynia,〔It is also called ''Galich-Volhyn'', ''Galicia–Volynia'', ''Galicia–Volyn'', and ''Galich–Volyn'', ''Halych–Volhyn'', ''Halych–Volhynia'', or ''Galicia–Vladimir''〕 or Kingdom of Ruthenia (Old Ruthenian Галицко-Волинскоє князство, Королѣвство Русь, (ウクライナ語:Галицько-Волинське князівство, Королівство Русі), (ラテン語:Regnum Galiciae et Lodomeriae, Regnum Russiae)), was a state in the regions of Galicia and Volhynia of present-day Ukraine that was formed after the conquest of Galicia by the Prince of Volhynia Roman the Great with the help of Leszek the White of Poland. Roman the Great united the principalities of Halych (Galicia) and Volhynia into a state that existed from 1199 to 1349. Along with Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal, it was one of the three most important powers to emerge from the collapse of Kievan Rus'.
After the enormous destruction wreaked by the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' in 1239–41, Prince Danylo Romanovych was forced to pledge allegiance to Batu Khan of the Golden Horde in 1246. He strove to rid his realm of the Mongol yoke, however, by a formal orientation to western Europe (coronation as a "Rex Rusiae" by a papal legate in 1253) and by attempting, unsuccessfully, to establish military alliances with other European rulers.〔(Principality of Galicia-Volhynia. )〕 The Polish conquest of the kingdom in 1349 ended its vassalage to the Golden Horde.〔Michael B. Zdan - The Dependence of Halych-Volyn' Rus' on the Golden Horde, The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 35, No. 85 (Jun., 1957), p. 522〕
Western Galicia–Volhynia extended between the rivers San and Wieprz in what is now south-eastern Poland, while eastern territories covered the Pripet Marshes (now in Belarus) and upper Southern Bug in modern-day Ukraine. During its time, the kingdom was bordered by Black Rus', the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Principality of Turov-Pinsk, the Principality of Kiev, the Golden Horde, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Poland, the Principality of Moldova, and the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights.
==History==
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